37,583 prisoners from the United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Dominions, 28,500 from Netherlands and 14,473 from the United States were released after the surrender of Japan. Many of the deaths happened immediately after the POWs arrived in Japan from South East Asia. It was commonplace for a senior Japanese officer to strike his subordinate officers who then passed the same treatment down the chain of command to their non commissioned staff and down to the lowliest Japanese soldier who then invariably took this out on prisoners under his control. They were joined there by 300 Chinese internees. The river was renamed the Kwai-Yai in the 1960s after the film, the rivers name in WWII was the Mae Klong. Both ships reached Takao harbour in Taiwan on New Year's Day, where the smaller group of prisoners was transferred from Brazil Maru to Enoura Maru, and 37 British and Dutch were taken ashore. Besides, that sent on exchange ships, mail for prisoners of war in the Far East was by July 1942 being transported across Russia to her Pacific seaboard and thence to Japan, under an agreement reached with the Soviet Government. There was once a Roman Catholic Chapel and also a small library consisting of books collected from some of the houses near the camps. A set of 3 ships carried around 2200 POWs to Moji however. Stories categorised in 'Prisoners of War'. to be used by the Japanese Armed Forces in the occupied areas. (Ned Kelly, a legendary Australian outlaw, was a popular choice!) The two camps were only separated by a small river/canal with a bridge built across it. US submarines picked up some 63 POWs in the sea after the sinkings, The Japanese 136 others, however, 1159 POWs died. We add around 200,000 new records each month. Sometimes those soldiers in charge of guarding the prisoners around the camp and the work site were dispatched from a nearby regiment or other units. 73-299-A, Flag US National, Prisoner of War (9023910757).jpg 3,072 × 1,353; 196 KB We have recently added data from the national archives nominal rosters for those held by the Japanese under reference WO392 (returning Pow information). On April 23, 1942, the five hundred American and Western internees were moved to Camp Holmes from Camp John Hay, a former base of the Philippine constabulary, five miles away. Most of the casualties of the infamous Burma-Siam railway are buried or commemorated in the cemeteries at Thanbyuzayat, Kanchanaburi & Chungkai with those who have no known grave remembered on the Rangoon or Singapore memorials. The good news about having a Prisoner of War (POW) relative is that there’s probably more information openly available about them than any other category of serviceman in the Second World War. Arrived on 18th March with 60 POWs. Prisoners captured by Japanese forces during this and the First Sino-Japanese War and World War I were also treated in accordance with international standards. In April 1945, the camp military districts were reorganized and three new POW Camps were established in Sendai, Nagoya, and Hiroshima. Nicknamed the Benjo Maru as Benjo means ‘toilet’ -due to the number of POWs suffering dysentery on board. Sailed from Singapore to Moji, Japan departing on 6/9/44 and arriving in Japan with 900 POWs on board. As the Tamahoko (6,780 tons) settled in the water, hundreds of prisoners jumped into the sea and soon a Japanese whale-chaser appeared and started picking up survivors. On the average New Zealand page 351 next-of-kin waited 18 months for the first news of their prisoner or internee relative; the news even then was often only a card or a message over the Japanese-controlled radio. At the Konan camp, some of the work was physically harder, such as stoking carbide furnaces. The best site to research POW records from Taiwan is Michael Hurst MBE's ‘POWTaiwan.org’, - highly recommended. Japanese Registers of POWs WWII - The records are contained in Japanese Registers of Allied Prisoners of War (PoWs) and civilian internees held in camps in Singapore, Second World War.This series comprises three registers which record the names of over 13,000 allied Prisoners of War and civilian internees of British and other nationalities during the Second World War. On top of the main hatch cover, 80 men were sleeping. He was found guilty for ordering the execution of the four POWs and on 7th April 1946, he was executed, by shooting, at the same spot where the four POWs died. The firing squad, consisting of four Indian National Army* soldiers stood some 50 yards away. Breavington asked to be finished off and more rounds of bullets were fired into the four.’. There are also several records of the civilian internees kept at the Changi Museum's website. Hokusen Maru (AKA Haro Maru, Haru Mary, Benjo Maru, Horror Maru). About 270 died aboard the ship, from suffocation or dehydration or were killed in the attack or from drowning while escaping the sinking ship. After mid-1944 most POWs on the east coast area were based at Sungeigerung camp. The entire march was judged later to be a ‘war crime’ and started with many atrocities such as the summary execution of some 400 Filipino officers immediately after the surrender. The nurses heard a quick succession of shots before the Japanese soldiers came back, sat down in front of the women and cleaned their bayonets and rifles. Rear Admiral Hatakeyama was found to have ordered the Laha massacres, however, he died before he could be tried. An armed merchant cruiser, converted from a civilian merchant ship in 1941. It then carried 20 prisoners from Wake Island to Yokohama, Japan beginning November 1st, 1942 and later carried 71 prisoners from Singapore to Moki, Japan beginning September 21st, 1943. Prisoners of war at the dock area in Yokohama, Japan, waiting to be processed prior to boarding a hospital ship. Fifteen US soldiers and sailors were killed as well as thirteen merchant seamen rescued from the sunk freighter American Leader. None survived. However, this left Japanese ships susceptibl… News of those held in the Dutch East Indies seems to have been withheld the longest. Such beatings could result from simply offending the guard in some way. By the time the war was over, a total of more than 30,000 POWs had died from starvation, diseases, and mistreatment both within and outside of the Japanese Mainland. To prevent the rescue of prisoners of war by the advancing allies, on 14 December 1944, Japanese guards herded the remaining 150 POWs at Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island, into three covered trenches used as air-raid shelters which were then set on fire. Allied POW camps and ship-transports were sometimes accidental targets of Allied attacks. "BRITISH CIVILIANS INTERNED BY THE JAPANESE DURING WORLD WAR II" By Ron BRIDGE A requirement to establish a definitive list of British subjects interned as civilians by the Japanese in Concentration Camps (some euphemistically called Civil Assembly Centres by Tokyo) has shown that no comprehensive list appears to be in existence. The detached camp was a branch camp of a smaller size, typically a mine or factory camp. 2-300 Australian & British POWs along with up to 5,000 Dutch POWs were forced to help build the road into the interior nearly 70km long between Blangkedjeren & Takengon. In 1942, the Japanese seized Burma and took control away from Britain. Some camps provided overcoats for the winter and some did not. Few POW camp buildings were new. The Imperial Japanese Army ran all camps in the North, with the Japanese Navy controlling those in the south. Japan had signed, but not ratified, the Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of 1929 (the 1929 Geneva Convention). Located 4 km south (along the coast towards Singapore). Theft of food because of hunger was met with an especially terrible punishment. A Kempeitai Prison rather than a fully fledged POW camp, located in Rabaul town itself. Sailed from Singapore to Nagasaki (Japan) via Takao (Taiwan) and Manila (Philippines) departed 3/6/44 arrived finally on 21/6/44 with 450 POWs. In January 1942 it was emptied, with the POWs moving to Shamshuipo, North Point, and Ma Tau Chung Camps. Junsaburo Toshino, former Lieutenant and Guard Commandant aboard the hell ship were found guilty of murdering and supervising the murder of at least 16 men and sentenced to death as a Class B war criminal at Yokohama. Tens of thousands of British and Commonwealth servicemen died from starvation, work, torture or disease in Japan’s prisoner of war camps during World War II. Suzuya Maru (AKA Otaro Maru/Op ten Noort), 20/10/42 1600 Dutch POWs transported to Moulmein from Java, Tamahoko Maru (AKA Yone Maru/Tamahoko Maru). The survivors of the sinking were held for several days in an open tennis court at Olongapo Naval Base. The registers give minimal information about each prisoner which may include registration card number and dispersal information. On the other hand, some were closed. You are browsing in: ... British … The ship contained many injured service personnel and 64 Australian nurses of the 2/13th Australian General Hospital. There, about 1,000 of the survivors were loaded on another Japanese ship, the Enoura Maru, while the rest boarded the smaller Brazil Maru. Wales Maru (AKA Weills Maru and Byoki Maru). It had 4 floors, 440 meters long X 110 yards wide, with walls and the roof made of concrete. The new railway route commenced building on 22nd June 1942 and completed on 17th October 1943, the most famous part near the town Kanchanaburi spanning the river Mekhong is ‘Bridge 277’ the famous ‘Bridge on the River Kwai’. The following sites are all very highly recommended for further specific research. Wada was sentenced to life imprisonment at hard labour. They were reunited with U.S. Once the Japanese took over Singapore, Blakang Mati was used as a prisoner-of-war (POW) camp during the Occupation. Sailed from Singapore on 04/7/44 to Moji, Japan via Manila (Phillipines) arriving on 13/8/44 with 609 POWs. War Office: Japanese Registers of Allied Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees held in Camps in Singapore, Second World War Description: This series comprises three registers which record the names of some 13,500 allied prisoners of war and civilian internees of British and other nationalities. Unknown to the Japanese, there was a radio secretly hidden by the POWs on the grounds, which provided them with news from the outside world’. In most camps blankets were provided by the camp, however, many POWs reported that the severe winter cold adversely affected their health. When Singapore was attacked in February 1942 Blakang Mati became a major target and the guns of were actively engaged in fighting off the Japanese attacks, even firing overland during the last three frenzied days of battle. Anyone who fell behind the march was shot or bayoneted to death, their comrades forced to bury them or be executed themselves. It is interesting to note the suffix ‘Maru’ –this was a common addition to ships name meaning ‘beloved’ and was intended to ‘protect’ the ships from exterior harm. This could be the Sime road Internment camp (not POW) however Adam Road camp itself was the former British Army Barracks taken over by the Japanese for accommodation nearby. *3 –Australian war memorial archives https://www.awm.gov.au/events/conference/2002/degroen.asp. POWs were then transferred to the Tamahoko Maru which was sunk 24/6/44 in Nagasaki bay with only 212 survivors. There were 500 of us British, ... the Hell-ships they called them. The rate of pay was one yen per day per POW, paid to the camp by the company, out of which a Private received 10 sen a day, a non-commissioned officer 15 sen, and a warrant officer 25 sen. Officers were paid according to rank. In the 1946 war crimes trial, they were reported to have been taken to a nearby cemetery, beheaded, and dumped into a mass grave. From June 1944 women and children from Poeloe Berayan were interned here & in July 1945 they were moved to Aek Pamienke II near to a rubber plantation. Prisoners were routinely beaten, starved and abused and forced to work in mines and war-related factories in clear violation of the Geneva Conventions. These prisoners were then so mistreated that by the end of the war only 6 of the Australians had survived and every single one of the 700 British soldiers had died in … Sailed from Singapore on 15/05/43 to Moji, Japan with 900 POWs on board. While in San Fernando, 15 weak or wounded prisoners were loaded on a truck, believing they would be taken to Bilibid for treatment. Those who survived Outram Road displayed exceptional qualities of endurance, mental and emotional fortitude. Rangoon Prison, 1945. Deep in Malaya, as World War II is rapidly coming to an end, men, women and children, trapped by the Japanese invasion, are held captive in the Blood Island prison camp. Prisoner of war camps in Japan housed both capture military personnel and civilians who had The Japanese ordered the 76,000+ US army and Filipino servicemen to march towards San Fernando, some 80 miles (128km) away. However the track was sold to Thai Railways and the 130 km Ban Pong–Namtok section re-laid and is in use today.". The Empire of Japan, (which had never signed the Second Geneva Convention of 1929, it is, however, important to note that the Japanese Emperor had agreed to its provisions) did not treat prisoners of war under international agreements, including provisions of the Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907), either during the second Sino-Japanese War or during the Pacific War. Pontianak POW camp, Pontianak (Dutch Borneo) Kalimantan, Balikpapan POW camp, Balikpapan (Dutch Borneo) Kalimantan, Tanjung Priok POW camp, Tanjung Priok (Java), Koan School, Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java), Glodok Gaol, Golodok, a suburb of Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java), Bicycle Camp, Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java). ), No. The Brazil Maru travelling with the Enoura Maru carried all surviving POWs of Oryoku Maru, Later Brazil would also carry the survivors from the Enoura Maru when she too was sunk. Sister Bullwinkel was later captured again and spent the rest of the war in captivity. Once it was discovered that the island was held by the Japanese, an officer of the Vyner Brooke went to surrender the group to the authorities in Muntok. They were forced to engage in the hard labour of constructing railways, roads, airfields, etc. September 1945. 14 September 1945. Camp Gloegoer I was was from April until May 1942 located in former coolies’ sheds a kilometre east of the main road. At the end of WW2, a Japanese freighter sails with Allied prisoners as cargo but, sensing doom, the prisoners plan to overpower their guards and capture the prison-ship. In 1942, Corporal Rodney Breavington and Private Victor Gale from the Australian Imperial Force, Private Harold Waters from the East Surrey Regiment and Private Eric Fletcher from the Royal Army Service Corps were recaptured after a failed escape attempt. Almost all POWs captured in the immediate area of the Philippines passed through this camp as a major transit hub. In 1918 she was acquired by the Johnstone Line of Liverpool, who renamed her Hartmore in 1920 and sold her in 1921 to the Anglo-Oriental Navigation Company (part of Yule Catto), Liverpool, who renamed her Sureway. THESE are the startling pictures which show the horrific moment Japanese troops used British prisoners of war for target practice. Escapes among Caucasian prisoners were almost impossible because of the difficulty of men of Caucasian descent hiding in Asiatic societies, nearly all of those who attempted to escape were executed in front of their fellow POWs upon recapture, in some camps a further 10 POWs were also executed as a reprisal for the escape attempt. Occupied originally by British POWs from F Force who had left Changi (Singapore) in April 1943. Singapore's civilian prison, Changi Gaol, was also on this peninsula. As Japan prepares to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II, one of its largest corporations has given a long-awaited apology for wartime atrocities. During the Second World War Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, most of the Indian POWs captured in Hong Kong were interned at a POW Camp here. These will contain the following sections: Camp, name, nationality, place of capture, fathers name, place of origin, next of kin and address, POW number, date of birth, unit and service number, date captured, mothers name, occupation and some other remarks. For most of the war, Changi was one of the least brutal Japanese prisoner-of-war camps, particularly compared to those on Burma–Thailand railway. The railway was started from both ends at more or less the same time with Australian POWs and Dutch internees being shipped to Burma also. Two nurses were killed in the bombing, nine were last seen drifting away from the ship on a raft and were never heard from again, and the rest reached the shore at Bangka Island, in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). A camp leader who openly criticised conditions and treatment was liable to be beaten after the departure of the visitor, and recourse was had sometimes to the passing of messages while shaking hands to convey the true situation. Although Japanese registers the majority of the information is given in English. Japanese site - Covers Japanese camps only, accurate camp descriptions and a great deal of background information. The last days & liberation of the camp are written HERE. There is some evidence that POWs here received the most humane treatment from their Japanese captors and were given a significant amount of privileges not found elsewhere. Listed as an Imperial Japanese Navy gunboat and also as a freighter by different sources: sunk on 12/1/44. Used as a POW & Internment camp between April 1942 and June 1944. A second raid by the R.A.F. H-Thailand 3270 pows left 5/5/43 and disembarked Bam Pong, 1979 men were British in this party, many of which had arrived in Singapore in February from Java. The information they provided gave urgency to the question of further exchange agreements, but in spite of unceasing negotiation, this draft was destined to be the last to be repatriated from Japanese custody until the liberation of the Philippines in February 1945. These contain basic details of each POW and in Japanese on the back additional information - that on POWs who died is particularly informative. Roofs of the POW camps were marked with the letters ‘PW’ and relief supplies were dropped by parachute using US Navy fighter-bombers and US Air Force B-29 heavy bombers. These nurses joined up with a group of men and injured personnel from the ship. (Other reports state 548 POWs and no survivors. Many thousands of prisoners of war were taken after Japan surrendered in September 1945 after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Grashio joined the other prisoners of war in the infamous Bataan Death March. Many prisoners, however, indicated that because of the availability of fresh vegetables in the warmer months and local fish during winter, rations were in some ways better than at Jinsen and Keijo. WW2 People's War Homepage Archive List Timeline About This Site: Contact Us: Japanese Prisoner of war. Relatives of British Malayan civilian internees can, by appointment, visit the Imperial War Museum Reading Room to view similar details of Changi Gaol internees in the Changi Register and view other short details in the 1940 Malayan Directory. Ex Burma Railway POW Jack Jennings book ‘prisoner without a crime’ noted: ‘The POWs lived in huts about a hundred feet long with wooden sleeping platforms that could accommodate up to 150 POWs. Two torpedoes hit the hull of the ship which sank, killing several hundred American, Dutch and Filipino servicemen. Around 1500 servicemen & women were captured in South Sumatra and many were taken onto Singapore. It displaced 5,065 tons, was 405 ft (123 m) long, 53 ft (16 m) wide, and 27.2 ft (8.3 m) deep. Initially, there were Japanese language lessons for officers, at first compulsory, then voluntary. A complete roster for POWs transported on this ship can be found on the website www.lindavdahl.com. Corporal Breavington made a plea to the Japanese officers to execute him alone but was rejected. Sailed from Celebes to Kendari on 10/1/44 with 9 POWs on board. There are some RAF Nominal Rolls from Changi which were made in 1944 from the National Archives reference AIR 40/1899, these are very fragile and seem to be falling apart, unfortunately. As the POW camps were established, new laws to control the POWs such as "Regulations of the Treatment of the POWs" and "Detailed Rules" were enacted. In 1943 a work party from Java joined the POWs mainly for the construction of new airfields near Talangbetutu, 15 Km north of Palembang. 2nd Lieutenant USAF Samuel C. Grashio survived the Bataan Death March and participated in the only successful mass escape from a Japanese prison camp. Sailed back from Manila to Japan on 20/9/44 with 1289 POWs. Votes: 74 Suga was based at Batu Lintang internment camp, although he was usually elsewhere at the other POW camps under his jurisdiction. The Weihsien Compound (Shandong) (Civilian only), Lunghua Civilian Assembly Centre (Shanghai). The sources quoted can also supply much more specific information than it is capable of showing here. Ordinarily, the POWs carried a lunch box to work, and in some cases, the companies provided food for the POWs. by Lancshomeguard. Roberts Barracks remains in use but the original buildings at Selerang were demolished in the 1980s. The shots wounded the four but did not kill them. There were also other causes of death including work accidents and bombardment by the Allied Forces. There were two types of POW camps run by the Germans that soldiers were assigned to. The case of the Oryoku Maru collectively covers the seven-week voyages and fate of Allied POWs held in the Philippines, who survived the sinking of that ship in Subic Bay in December 1944, and the bombing of a second ship the Enoura Maru, in the harbour of Takao, January 1945, and the Brazil Maru which transported the last surviving Allied POWs to Moji, Japan. 2) by an air raid, 31 POWs were killed in Toshiba Tsurumi Branch Camp (Tokyo No. The worst problem for prisoners in all North-east Asian camps was enduring the extreme cold in an undernourished state. Japanese. De Brug - The Bridge on the River Kwai (Khwae-Toi). Inatsuki (Yamano) Branch Camp (Fukuoka 8-B), Osarisawa (Hanawa) Branch Camp (Sendai 6-B), Hiraoka (Mitsushima) Branch Camp (Tokyo 12-B), Kumamoto Branch Camp and Fukuoka Branch Camp (Fukuoka 1-B), Kawasaki Ogimachi Branch Camp (Tokyo 2-B) (aka ‘The Mitsui Madhouse’), Nagasaki Mitsubishi Dockyard Branch Camp (Fukuoka 14-B), Fushiki Hokkai Electro-Chemical Branch Camp (Nagoya 6-D), Toyama Nippon Soda Branch Camp (Nagoya 7-D), Toyama Tateyama Heavy Industry Branch Camp (Nagoya 8-D), Toyama Nippon Express Branch Camp (Nagoya 9-D), Fushiki Sea and Land Transportation Branch Camp (Nagoya 10-D), Toyama Nippon Soda Iwase Ironworks Branch Camp (Nagoya 11-D), Niigata Sea and Land Transportation Branch Camp (Tokyo 5-B), Niihama Isoura Branch Camp (Hiroshima 2-B), Nishi Ashibetsu Branch Camp (Hakodate 4-B), Yakumo Detached Camp (Hakodate 1-Detached), Yamashita Camp – see Yokohama Ship Loading Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 19-D), Mitsubishi Heavy Industry Yokohama Ship-building Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 1-D), Nippon Steel Tube Tsurumi Ship-building Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 3-D), Osaka Ship-building Yokohama Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 10-D), Nippon Steel Tube Asano Ship-building Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 13-D), Yokohama Proof-brick Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 18-D), Yokohama Ship Loading Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 19-D), Zentsuji Headquarters Camp & Zentsuji Subcamp 3 (Hiroshima area POW Camp). 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