Figure 8.1 Rome, Lateran Palace, Pope Benedict XIV’ s restoration (1743) of the mosaic of 799–800 decorating the main apse in Pope Leo III’ s triclinium or banquet hall (Photo: author) A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. The niche is decorated with mosaics depicting Christ and the Apostles in the centre, Christ with St Sylvester and Constantine on the left and St Peter with Pope Leo III and Charlemagne on the right. The Lateran Palace has also been the site of five ecumenical councils (see Lateran Councils). The palace complex in Aachen and the adjoining Palatine Chapel (begun c. 792) are often read as part of Charlemagne’s ambition to turn Aachen into a ‘second Rome’, which is supported by the Paderborn Epic (c. 802). St. Peter presents Leo III with the stole and Charlemagne with the flag as a sign of spiritual and secular rule, mosaic painting in the old Lateran Palace in Rome / Der heilige Petrus überreicht Leo III. Charlemagne equestrian statue, photo by Charles Marville, 19th century / State Library of Victoria. Start studying AP World Chapter 9 + Human Record. Aachen Cathedral was erected on the orders of Charlemagne in AD 796 and was, on completion, in 798, the largest cathedral north of the Alps. The apse known as Triclinium Leoninum was in fact the apse of the great triclinium of the Lateran Palace, the Patriarchium, that Pope Leo III had built with the gift that Charlemagne had sent him in thanks for the gift received, or the keys of St. Peter and the pennant of the city of Rome. Photograph of an eighteenth century reconstruction of the apse of the papal dining room (Triclinium Leoninum) in the old Lateran Palace, Rome. ... Mosaic of Pope Leo III / Lateran Palace, Rome. This mosaic from the papal dining hall in the Lateran, which is known as the Triclinium, depicts St. Peter bestowing a stole of divine authority on Pope Leo III (left) and a banner of God’s protection on Charlemagne (right). Contemporary sources describe his palace as the "Lateran," which in the Carolingian period was known as the imperial palace of Constantine the Great given by him to the Christian Church.9 The palace chapel itself recalls the Chrysotriclinos or Golden Triclinium in the Sacred Palace of Constantino- Lateran fires ... and on the right Saint Peter gives the Papal stole to Pope Leo III and the standard to Charlemagne. In 1743 Pope Benedict XIV commissioned Ferdinando Fuga the erection of a sort of apse with the objective of displaying there copies of the IXth century mosaics which once decorated the banqueting hall (Triclinium) of Leo III in the old Lateran Palace. 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