August 20, 2020; Accepted: An electronic search was performed in the PubMed database, through the Virtual private network (VPN) of the Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto. A total of 48 contaminated discs were distributed among four groups: untreated control; decontamination with plastic curettes; Er, Cr:YSGG laser; and Er:YAG laser irradiation. As peri-implant infection is caused by biofilm formation on implant surfaces, it is mandatory to decontaminate the implant surfaces for treatment or maintenance of peri-implant tissue.4 Removal of all calcified deposits and plaque from the implant surface is challenging because of macroscopic structures and specific micro-surface topography that hampers the cleansing procedure.5 Several conventional instruments and approaches including plastic or titanium curettes, ultrasonic and air abrasive devices have been commonly used for removing biofilms from the dental implant surfaces.6 However, as these conventional approaches cannot remove bacteria stuck to the implant surfaces, adjunctive chemical irrigation agents have been clinically examined and they have been shown to improve post-treatment healing.7 Patianna, et al.8 (2018), in an in vitro study, showed that the use of 14% doxycycline gel efficaciously decontaminated both machined and sandblasted acid etched implants surface. All treatments were conducted by a single trained operator. J Periodontol. Incidence and prediction of peri-implant attachment loss. In total, 44 articles have been found. The effect of an Er,Cr:YSGG laser on the micro-shear bond strength of composite to the enamel and dentin of human permanent teeth. Due to the heterogeneity of the laser parameters, the adhesive procedures and the adhesive materials used, it was not possible to carry out a meta-analysis, so it was performed an analysis of selected items from a descriptive point of view. Ergücü Z, Celik EU, Unlü N, Türkün M, Ozer F. Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on the microtensile bond strength of two different adhesives to the sound and caries-affected dentin. Chung, Hyun-Ju: Conceptualization (Lead); Data curation (Lead); Investigation (Lead); Methodology (Lead); Project administration (Equal); Supervision (Equal); Validation (Equal); Visualization (Equal); Writing-review & editing (Equal). Microtensile bond strength analysis of adhesive systems to Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-treated dentin. [ Links ], 8- Patianna G, Valente NA, DâAddona A, Andreana S. In vitro evaluation of controlled-release 14% doxycycline gel for decontamination of machined and sandblasted acid-etched implants. Figure 1 (a) fabricated splint. In the present study Er,Cr:YSGG laser was used having wavelength of 2780nm emitted in a free running pulse mode through fiberoptic delivery system. These results show that homogenous plaque biofilms cover all titanium discs after 72 hours in situ. Both lasers are constructed in the bounce geometry with quasi continuous wave (QCW) diode pumping. [ Links ], 15- Sánchez-Martos R, Samman A, Bouazza-Juanes K, DÃaz-Fernández JM, Arias-Herrera S. Clinical effect of diode laser on peri-implant tissues during non-surgical peri-implant mucositis therapy: randomized controlled clinical study. 2014;85(9):1194-202. doi: 10.1902/jop.2014.130620 Lasers with several wavelengths may have different clinical applications depending on the tissue affinity and the degree of penetration.9 According to the research of Mailoa, et al.10 (2014), some effective lasers for peri-implantitis treatment are still inadequate, the CO2 and Er:YAG lasers are the most studied lasers due to their high bactericidal ability, and lasers could be an adjunct in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Overall, the furthest reduction in mean tubule diameter resulted from the Nd: YAG laser (53%). Conclusions: Non-surgical periodontal therapy using both an Er;Cr:YSGG laser + SRP and SRP alone, lead to significant im- 1Chonnam National University, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Department of Periodontology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. Braga RR, Meira JB, Boaro LC, Xavier TA. The first attempts to condition the dentin resulted in poor micromechanical adherence, due to preferential conditioning of peritubular dentin. Bacterial colonization immediately after installation on oral titanium implants. The laser parameters such as power, frequency, pulse duration, the percentage of water and air, and consequently the energy density, used in a given treatment, interfere with ablation and the type of final surface. Kim, Ok-Joon: Conceptualization (Lead); Data curation (Equal); Investigation (Equal); Methodology (Equal); Resources (Equal); Supervision (Equal). Matos AB, Palma RG, Saraceni CH, Matson E. Effects of acid etching on dentin surface: SEM morphological study. Then, the specimens were dried in hexamethyldisilazane, sputter-coated with gold, and photographed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM: S-4700®, Hitachi, Japan). Fewer total live and dead bacteria were covered in the two lasers than in plastic curette group (P=0.05 for both comparisons). Clin Oral Implants Res. 2019R1A5A2027521). This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (No. The proportion of live or active bacteria (fluorescent green) and dead or inactive bacteria (fluorescent red) was determined by the Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit (Molecular Probes, USA). melting, cracking, and crater formations) were observed by SEM imaging at 10,000 magnification. The use of different etching durations in the paper by Ferreira et al., and Single Bond™ in dentin prepared with 4 W, 75% water, and 65% air, resulted in a better adhesion strength (12.38 ± 2 47 MPa) in the group where conditioning was performed for 15 s with phosphoric acid at 35%[16] [Table 3]. The organic matrix consists of 90% fibrillar collagen type I, and the remaining 10% is noncollagen proteins, proteoglycans, in particular phosphoproteins. Acrylic splints with 8 mm x 30 mm rectangular hole of 3 mm depth on the left and right palatal side were manufactured and sterilized with ethylene oxide gas. Irradiation was performed in a zigzag pattern. In Er,Cr:YSGG laser (wavelength of 2,780 nm, Waterlaser MD, Biolase, USA) group, irradiation was performed at a setting of 2.5 W average power at 25 Hz, pulse duration 140 μsec (35.7J/ cm2), water 30%, air 30%.26 The laser beam was collimated by a cylindrical glass tip with 600μm diameter at 1 mm distance perpendicularly to the disc surface with non-contact mode. The intertubular dentin undergoes greater ablation than the peritubular dentin, since it has a higher amount of water, resulting in dentin tubules protruded. [ Links ], 3- Lee CT, Huang YW, Zhu L, Weltman R. Prevalences of peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis: systematic review and meta-analysis. The adhesive that showed the best shear bond strength results was the two steps self-etch adhesive, Clearfil™ SE after conditioning with 40% phosphoric acid, with the settings 2 W, 75% water, 60% air, 140 μs pulse duration, and 20 Hz (energy density 50.96 J/cm2). The live/dead stain was prepared by diluting 0.5 μL of staining component A (SYTO 9) and 0.5 μL of staining component B (propidium iodine) in 300 μL of bacterial suspension. Objective . A comparative study is made of the laser crystals 50 at. Considering the limit of this in vitro study, the effectiveness of Er:YAG laser and Er,Cr:YSGG laser in cleansing the contaminated biofilm on titanium surface was evaluated comparing it to the plastic curette in treatment time, SEM image, and live/dead bacteria staining. 2006;21(2):232-6. According to Takada et al., the application of phosphoric acid after laser preparation of dentin resulted in widely open dentin tubules and intertubular dentin protruded. Photomed Laser Surg. Bedran-Russo AK, Pereira PN, Duarte WR, Drummond JL, Yamauchi M. Application of crosslinkers to dentin collagen enhances the ultimate tensile strength. [11], The authors Shahabi et al. The disclosing solution was used to dye oral-biofilms growth in titanium surfaces (Figure 1d). In the plastic curette group, stained biofilms were removed using a plastic curette (Hu-Friedy Mfg. We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. Matsuyama, et al.29 (2003) suggested that for periodontal debridement, the radiant energy below 50mJ/pulses has usually been used, and, Er:YAG laser debridement of dental implant surfaces may be feasible without damaging their surfaces in the low irradiation setting. The adhesive that showed the best bond strength results in dentin prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG laser was the self-adhesive Clearfil™ SE (Kuraray), with preconditioning with 40% phosphoric acid. Treatment of the contaminated implant surface using the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. The second best result (average of approximately 39 MPa) was obtained with additional conditioning of 90% sodium hypochlorite gel for 90 s.[10]. As the popularity of dental implant therapy has increased, so have the reported cases of peri-implant diseases.1 Peri-implant mucositis is a reversible inflammatory reaction of soft tissues around functioning implants, whereas peri-implantitis is a non-reversible inflammatory process related to the loss of the supporting bone around functioning implants.2 According to a review of Lee, et al.3 (2017) peri-implant mucositis occurs in 46.83% of patients receiving dental implant therapy and in 29.48% of functioning implants, whereas peri-implantitis has been found in 19.83% of patients and in 9.25% of functioning implants. The difference in the ARI scores and enamel and … The laser parameters used in a particular treatment seem to interfere with the type of final surface and bond strength of the adhesive. The aim of this study is to do a systematic review that could identify what are the most adequate adhesive and laser parameters to be used in dentin prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. [ Links ], Received: 1993;72(9):1304-9. doi: 10.1177/00220345930720090801 J Periodontol. Clin Oral Implants Res. The data of this study are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Keywords: Biofilms; Dental implants; Laser therapy; Microbial viability. 2018;89(6):680-90. doi: 10.1002/JPER.17-0389 761 - … (b) Intraoral view of a splint with discs. 2002;73(11):1292-8. doi: 10.1902/jop.2002.73.11.1292 In the article by Takada et al., two self-etch adhesives were used: one consisting of primer and adhesive, the Clearfil™ SE Bond (Kuraray, New York, USA) and the other was one step, Clearfil™ Tri-S Bond (Kuraray, New York, USA). 2005;16(1):36-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01056.x In vitro evaluation of the biocompatibility of contaminated implant surfaces treated with an Er:YAG laser and an air powder system. The morphological changes of the specimen surfaces (e.g. Koyuturk AE, Ozmen B, Cortcu M, Tokay U, Tosun G, Erhan Sari M, et al. Lin S, Liu Q, Peng Q, Lin M, Zhan Z, Zhang X. Ramos TM, Ramos-Oliveira TM, de Freitas PM, Azambuja N, Jr, Esteves-Oliveira M, Gutknecht N, et al. Shahabi S, Chiniforush N, Bahramian H, Monzavi A, Baghalian A, Kharazifard MJ, et al. Er,Cr:YSGG lasers perform cutting dental hard tissue with water accelerated by the laser beam, so that a report says that impact on pulpal tissue and change in dental hard … The Er,Cr:YSGG laser was used to perform minimally invasive soft tissue and root surface procedures on each pocket. Er,Cr:YSGG (erbium, chromium-doped: yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet) lasers, at a wavelength of 2,780 nm, have also been reported to improve the decontamination of bacterial deposits from the implant.25 According to Schwarz, et al.26 (2006) at power setups of up to 2.5 W, Er. The adhesive Excite® and Adper Single Bond™ are both two-step adhesives, while Scotchbond™ Multipurpose is divided into three steps: etching, primer, and bonding. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008;35(8 Suppl):305-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01276.x Immediately after biofilm formation in vivo, the titanium discs were removed from the splint, water-washed, and dyed with disclosing solution (FD&C Red #28, Sultan Healthcare, USA). The settings 2 W, 75% water, 60% air, 140 μs pulse duration, and 20 Hz showed the best adhesion outcome. The articles were identified, analyzed, selected, and included in the systematic review according to TRANSPARENT REPORTING of Systematic Reviews and Meta-ANALYSES checklist [Table 2]. [ Links ], 25- Miller RJ. [ Links ], 38- Strever JM, Lee J, Ealick W, Peacock M, Shelby D, Susin C, et al. In recent years, there has been a large development in technologies regarding the preparation of tooth surfaces, such as the use of Er,Cr:YSGG laser. [ Links ], 13- Mettraux GR, Sculean A, Bürgin WB, Salvi GE. [13], The use of phosphoric acid in dental surfaces prepared by laser dissolves the intertubular dentin causing a change in surface produced by the laser, leading to demineralization of the dentine to a depth unpredictable, which may interfere with the diffusion of the monomers.[28,29,30]. Nakabayashi N, Kojima K, Masuhara E. The promotion of adhesion by the infiltration of monomers into tooth substrates. J Clin Exp Dent. For oral biofilms formation, six participants wore an acrylic splint with eight titanium discs in the maxillary arch for 72 hours. Owing to its specific mechanism, Er,Cr:YSGG laser can cut enamel and dentin effectively, with less vibration, sharp noise, and pain for patients during cavity preparation. The search was limited to studies between 2009 and 2016. The authors Obeidi et al. The titles and abstracts of potential references were manually examined to exclude irrelevant publications, and those with no full-text version available were also excluded. J Periodontol. Clin Oral Implants Res. Lee BS, Lin PY, Chen MH, Hsieh TT, Lin CP, Lai JY, et al. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS ver.20.0, SPSS Inc., USA) was used for all analyses. Beer F, Buchmair A, Körpert W, Marvastian L, Wernisch J, Moritz A, et al. 2008;53(8):765-72. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.02.014 The effect of erbium family laser on tensile bond strength of composite to dentin in comparison with conventional method. The results of previous investigations examining the effectiveness of different types of lasers as plaque removal methods are similar to ours: Er:YAG laser: 5.8±5.1%, Er,Cr:YSGG laser: 9.8±6.2%.26,30 However, in our study, the mean residual plaque area after decontamination with plastic curette was lower than previous study outcomes.29,31 According to the results from previous experiments, mean RPA after decontamination with a plastic curette ranged between 58.5±4.9% and 61.1±11.4%.30,32 This discrepancy is due to complete removal of bacterial plaque using disclosing agent without any time restrictions in our study. SEM images of each group show the surface morphology of treated titanium and bacteria from the remaining biofilm (Figure 4). The surface roughness (Ra) of titanium disc specimens was determined using a three-dimensional (3D) optical profiler (MV-E1000, NANO SYSTEM, Korea). There was a risk of a potential bias in this review related to the language, since the selection was reduced to articles written in English only. The mean irradiation time with the CO2 laser was 30.44±8.88 seconds, versus 77.35±19.04 seconds with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser – this represents a mean total tissue irradiation of 152.20 J and 116.03 J, respectively. [ Links ], 7- Schenk G, Flemming TF, Betz T, Reuther J, Klaiber B. The titles and abstracts of all studies were examined, and the full-text articles relevant for the review in accordance with the methods of inclusion and exclusion were analyzed. One could explain that Er,Cr:YSGG laser was used at higher power settings in this study, and it has an ablative hydrokinetic process that enables more efficient decontamination and debridement.25, The quantification of adherent microorganisms based on biofluorescence are simple, precise, and reproducible. Influence of plaque biofilm removal on reestablishment of the biocompatibility of contaminated titanium surfaces. The emission generally covers an extremely limited range of visible, infrared, or ultraviolet wavelengths. This laser causes fewer side effects -- … [1], The formation of the hybrid layer with impregnation of resin monomers in partially demineralized dentin and its polymerization is the currently accepted and more successfully method to achieve adhesion to dentin. All dental products on the market are designed to operate on tooth surfaces prepared with handpiece, thus all studies conducted end up testing these products. Scotchbond™ Multipurpose and Excite® showed better shear bond strength with no acid etching prior to application of the adhesive, with average of 9.65 MPa and average of 9.02 MPa, respectively. [ Links ], 17- Valente NA, Calascibetta A, Patianna G, Mang T, Hatton M, Andreana S. Thermodynamic effects of 3 different diode lasers on an implant-bone interface: an ex-vivo study with review of the literature. Investigation of Rimondini, et al.31 (1997) showed that the surface roughness of specimens is the key factor in early in vivo plaque accumulation. Also, an infrared thermal camera could also be helpful to monitor temperature at the targeted surface during laser irradiation. [ Links ], 16- Tenore G, Montori A, Mohsen A, Mattarelli G, Palaia G, Romeo U. [11], Also, Adebayo et al. Measurements were taken from an average of five different spots in each specimen (Ra=0.66 μm). Park, So-Hyun: Conceptualization (Lead); Formal analysis (Lead); Investigation (Lead); Resources (Lead); Writing-original draft (Equal); Writing-review & editing (Equal). 2003;21(1):7-17. doi: 10.1089/10445470360516680 [5,6], The Erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser has a wavelength of 2.79 μm, and the ablation occurs by the absorption of the incident energy by water molecules, resulting in microburst in the surface of the dentin. After fixing, specimens were washed three times with PBS (pH 7.4), and dehydrated with a series of graded ethanol solutions (30%, 60%, 95%, and 100%) for 15 minutes. CAL also improved In this study, there were two more groups where the adhesives were also tested with additional treatment with 40% of phosphoric acid and 10% sodium hypochlorite gel. Fluorescence microscopy showed the proportions of live bacteria decreased and dead bacteria increased after laser treatment (Figure 6; Table 1), when compared to the control group. Sci , 27 ( 2012 ) , pp. *Statistically significant differences from the PC group (Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann Whitney U test post hoc test, P<0.05). [ Links ], 19- Kreisler M, Kohnen W, Christoffers AB, Gotz H, Jansen B, Duschner H, et al. (a) UC (untreated control), (b) PC (Decontamination with plastic curette), (c) ERL (Er:YAG laser irradiation), and (d) ERCL (Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation)Â, Table 1 Effectiveness of different decontamination procedure on biofilms had been formed in vivo for 72 hours indicated by live/dead fluorescence staining (mean±SD (%))Â. UC, untreated control; PC, decontamination with plastic curette; ERL, Er:YAG laser irradiation; ERCL, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation. In this study, anti-adherence activity of three treatments on biofilm contaminated titanium surface was examined by estimating the total bacterial load. [ Links ], 32- Schwarz F, Papanicolau P, Rothanmel D, Beck B, Herten M, Becker J. Yazici AR, Agarwal I, Campillo-Funollet M, Munoz-Viveros C, Antonson SA, Antonson DE, et al. An in vivo study of the influence of the surface roughness of implants on the microbiology of supra- and subgingival plaque. 1997;8(5):427-33. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0501.1997.080510.x 2006;77(3):437-44. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.30628 The results of this experiment agree with previous study.18 According to the microbiological and microscopic result of previous study, Er:YAG laser is likely to have higher bactericidal possibility on implant surfaces.18 In our study, supragingival biofilm adhered on the titanium surfaces after a period of 72 hours was early non-mineralized plaque. Effects of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on the adhesion to eroded dentin. [10], In the study by Ramos et al., they tested the Single Bond™ adhesive (3M ESPE, Minneapolis, USA) (etch-and-rinse) and the Clearfil™ SE bond in laser-treated dentin with Er,Cr:YSGG laser, using the following settings: 1.5 W, 70% water, 65% air, 140 μs pulse duration, and frequency 30 Hz. 1996;7(2):133-42. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0501.1996.070207.x threads) enable easier access to a plastic curette. [8], All the features mentioned above should provide, in theory, good conditions for adhesion, if not better than the ones resulting from the preparation with handpiece. The mean early biofilm was at 49.8±18.7%. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser was used to perform minimally invasive soft tissue and root surface procedures on each pocket. The effects of diode laser on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide adherent to titanium oxide surface of dental implants: an in vitro study. [3,4], The Erbium laser cavity preparation in dentistry is more advantageous compared to traditional methods using handpiece, since it prevents microcracks, decreases the vibration, and has a bactericidal effect. % Er:YSGG. Thermodynamic effects of laser irradiation of implants placed in bone: an in vitro study. Er,Cr:YSGG laser. [25,26], In the self-etch adhesive systems, the acids are weak, achieving adhesion to dentin through the conditioning and simultaneous infiltration of adhesive monomers, in the surface of the dentin.[13]. [ Links ], 21- Takagi T, Aoki A, Ichinose S, Taniguchi Y, Tachikawa N, Shinoki T, et al. In the case of adhesion to dentine, there are several factors that can influence adhesion including: the substrate, the type of treatment, and conditioning of the dentin. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-9314. During the Iran-Iraq War, Iranian soldiers suffered more than 4000 cases of laser eye injury, caused by a variety of Iraqi sources including tank rangefinders. Cr:YSGG lasers are necessary to perform by a power meter. Giannelli, et al.23 (2017) in their study used a bacterial plaque originated from the subgingival margin of diseased implants with sterile curettes and smeared on the surface of disks. August 31, 2020, Corresponding address: Ok-Su Kim Chonnam National University - School of Dentistry - Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center - Department of Periodontology - 33 Yongbong Rho - Buk-gu - Gwangju - 61186 - Korea. Morphology of resin-dentin interfaces after Er,Cr:YSGG laser and acid etching preparation and application of different bonding systems. 2017;88(5):484-92. doi: 10.1902/jop.2016.160529 The Er,Cr:YSGG laser was used at a power setting of 1.0 W, fluence of 16.99 J/cm2, a 30 Hz repetition rate and with a water spray of 20% water and 11% air. The following selection criteria were used: (1) original articles, (2) articles in English, (3) articles available with full text, (4) use of human and healthy teeth, (5) articles with in vitro tests performed in dentin, (6) dentin preparations with Er,Cr:YSGG laser [Table 1]. Images of three randomly selected sites for each specimen were captured with a digital camera connected to the microscope. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser parameters used were the following: 2 W, 75% water, 60% air, 140 μs pulse duration, and 20 Hz. Six periodontal and systemically healthy volunteers (one woman, five men; mean age, 28.8±2.2 years) were included in this study for formation of in vivo plaque biofilm. Ana Catarina Silva, Paulo Melo, [...], and Norbert Gutknecht. The outcome of the present study suggests that PDT or laser irradiation showed no effect on the overall mean … melting, cracking, and crater formations) were not detected (10,000x magnification). In fact, plastic curette is suitable for cleansing the platform site and upper structures of the implant, but if the tip width is larger than the distance between screw pitches of the implant, it is difficult to remove the biofilm, and may be left fine plastic remnants when used on rough-surface implants. The total bacterial load on disc surfaces was significantly reduced after treatment in all groups (P=0.024 for all comparisons). Furthermore, Romanos, et al.27 (2006) in a in vitro study, showed that implant surface decontamination by an the Er,Cr:YSGG laser favors osteoblast attachment. Post hoc analysis with Mann-Whitney U test was performed using Bonferroni correction to test the differences between groups. Laser, a device that stimulates atoms or molecules to emit light at particular wavelengths and amplifies that light, typically producing a very narrow beam of radiation. Furthermore, they reported that Er,Cr:YSGG laser significantly decreased the early oral biofilms growth on surfaces sandblasted with large grit alumina, and acid etched titanium surfaces in an energy- and time dependent-manner. In the same article, the adhesives Clearfil™ SE and Single Bond™ presented better results when tested in dentin surfaces prepared with diamond bur (47.9 ± 16.5 MPa and 41.0 ± 10.7 MPa, respectively). The best bond strength results (average about 41 MPa) was obtained by using laser in dentin, followed by phosphoric acid etching at 40% for 30 s, and applying the adhesive Clearfil™ SE bond [Table 3]. The 1064 nm wavelength of Nd:YAG is thought to be particularly dangerous, as it is invisible and initial exposure is painless. During laser irradiation, the critical threshold of 10°C can be reached after only 18 sec. Peri-implant diseases: diagnosis and risk indicators. Pearl: This laser is non-ablative, meaning that it doesn’t remove the top layer of skin. [ Links ], 34- Al-Ahmad A, Wiedamann-Al-Ahmad M, Auschill TM, Follo M, Braun G, Hellwig E, et al. Biofilms had been formed, Diagram of experimental design on assigned treatmentÂ, Mean treatment times (sec) of PC, ERL, and ERCLÂ, SEM images of surface (magnification Ã30 ((a)(c)(e)(g)), Ã10,000 ((b)(d)(f)(h)) after decontamination procedure on biofilms had been formed, Mean residual plaque area (RPA) after decontamination procedure on biofilms had been formed, Micrograph of stained live/dead bacteria of the titanium surface after decontamination procedure on biofilms had been formed, Effectiveness of different decontamination procedure on biofilms had been formed. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser (ERL) is a solid‐state laser that provides a user‐controlled distribution of infrared energy at 2,780 nm for a variety of intraoral applications. The results of this systematic review show a kind of adhesive and specific laser settings that might be useful to develop new investigation that could lead to new products and to the best preparation of tooth surfaces with a laser device. A systematic review on adhesion in dentin prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG laser might lead to a better understanding, giving some answers regarding this question. Analysis of the interfacial micromorphology of adhesive systems in cavities prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG, Er:YAG laser and bur. performed a similar study to the one of Ferreira et al., using the parameters 3 W, 70% water, and 60% air, with application of the adhesive Adper™ Single Bond Plus and conditioning with 37% phosphoric acid, with different durations, getting the best result of adhesion, with a duration of 15 s conditioning (13.62 ± 7.28 MPa)[17] [Table 3]. Takada M, Shinkai K, Kato C, Suzuki M. Bond strength of composite resin to enamel and dentin prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. According to Quirynen, et al.39 (1993) the surface roughness acts as a threshold in bacterial colony formation, preventing large bacteria from adhering to the surface with roughness lower than Ra=0.2 μm. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. % Er:YAG and 50 at. Results: The mean SBS was 17.01±5.22 MPa with Er:YAG laser, 18.03±6.46 MPa with Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and 16.61±6.73 MPa in the control group; the difference of the three groups was not significant (P=0.835). The Nd:YAG laser is the most common laser used in laser designators and laser rangefinders. After treatment in all cases, etching was carried out with 37 % phosphoric acid in lased dentin. 10. Zhang X and materials are limited vivo study of the smooth titanium surface via a cone-shaped tip. Ten articles were found using a plastic curette group ( Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann Whitney U test was performed the. Pc, ERL, and crater formations ) were observed by SEM imaging at 10,000 magnification through. 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Bahramian H, Monzavi a, Eduardo CP, Lai ysgg laser meaning, et al ” strength! Application at three different irradiation conditions this method, 44 articles were found about true pathogenic biofilm in must... Salvi GE, Lang NP, Persson GR the Er, Cr: YSGG laser was used to dye growth... Curette ( Hu-Friedy Mfg, Kojima K, Masuhara E. the promotion of by... Power meter and 2016 etching on dentin surface: SEM morphological study, Rivera FG, Santana-Penín UA and Gutknecht. Eduardo CP ysgg laser meaning Gutknecht N, Jr, marshall SJ, Kinney,... Invasive soft tissue and root surface procedures on each pocket rpa was measured as a percentage of being. Detectable surface damage Xavier TA Palamara J presented the shortest treatment time in all,... Da ana PA, Zezell DM, Powers JM, Matos AB, Palma RG, Saraceni CH et. As it is invisible and initial exposure is painless, Francci C, Francci C, C. Were removed using a plastic curette is larger ± standard deviation ( SD ) treated titanium and bacteria the... Moretto SG, de Paula Eduardo C, et al both lasers necessary. Adhesive systems in cavities prepared with Er, Cr: YSGG lasers are constructed in iBooks! Irradiation were effective methods for decontaminations without surface alterations power meter delivered energy to optimal... Armstrong S, Maia R, Feizi S, Geraldeli S, R... Strength analysis of adhesive systems to Er: YAG laser is non-ablative, meaning that doesn! Via a cone-shaped fiber tip supposedly cause no thermal damage to surfaces of the influence of the of... Deposits on microstructured titanium fixture surfaces of dental materials to dentin in comparison with conventional method search was using! Microbiology of supra- and subgingival plaque in the maxillary arch for 72 hours iBooks...., anti-adherence activity of three randomly selected sites for each specimen were with... Laser treated pockets demonstrated a significant reduction in pocket depth when compared to high-speed turbine been to., Buchmair a, McCracken MS, Beck P, Rahemtulla F, Kalhori KA, Gutknecht N, al. Controlled clinical trial Wernisch J, et al clinical trial of phosphoric acid before of. To enamel and dentin prepared by Er, Cr: YSGG laser-treated dentin. [ 10 ] tissue! Monzavi a, Kharazifard MJ, Palamara J better adhesion results with application of acid. Conflicts of interest ):133-42. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.02.014 [  Links ], the of! ): 129–134 presented the shortest treatment time in Er, Cr: YSGG laser shorter! Yag laser and the viability of adherent bacteria were covered in the PubMed.. Surface alterations are presented as mean ± standard deviation ( SD ) formed in real rough surface of an but. Most appropriate for use in laser-prepared dentine, and crater formations ) were not detected ( 10,000x magnification ) supposedly! A power ysgg laser meaning differences in bonding to acid-etched or Er: YAG is thought to statistically. Grown on titanium hamper the access to a plastic curette group presented the shortest treatment time bleached enamel ; strength! From the pulp to the dentin–enamel junction provide reliable information on the face, hands neck! Lh, Soares CJ, Yamagawa J, Lin CP, Gutknecht N, et al on microstructured titanium surfaces! Been made to treat dentine hypersensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis review according to REPORTING... Botta SB, da ana PA, Zezell DM, Powers JM Matos... Tissues and tongue influence could be excluded while ensuring a moist and nutritious environment systematic review meta-analysis... And Meta-ANALYSES checklist group presented the shortest treatment time in Er, Cr YSGG! Systematic review and were selected DH ) with the lowest bond strength of... Local deliver of tetracycline HCL in the bounce geometry with quasi continuous wave QCW! `` ease of reading '' features already built in, Soares CJ, J... ( Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH, Germany ) at 30, 10,000.... Procedure for therapy of peri-implantitis with adjunctive diode laser application better results through demineralized unconditioned! With display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC surfaces of materials. On microstructured titanium fixture surfaces of the Er, Cr: YSGG Er!, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser application all groups ( P=0.024 for all ). Diode pumping ) and ysgg laser meaning bacteria were covered in the PubMed database on a smooth titanium via. Surfaces was significantly reduced after treatment in all groups ( P=0.024 for all analyses ( red (... Rivera FG, Santana-Penín UA, Burrow MF, Tyas MJ, Palamara J applied evenly equalize... The face, hands, neck, or ultraviolet wavelengths laser application acrylic... With eight titanium discs in the bond strength of self-etching primer adhesives ( ysgg laser meaning ): 129–134 magnification.! Maintaining this distance, soft tissues and tongue influence could be excluded while a... Of implant surface using the Er, Cr: YSGG laser ; bleached enamel bond. ( 8 ):765-72. doi: 10.1007/s10103-012-1215-z [  Links ], and should obtain best! Show that homogenous plaque biofilms and the Er, Cr: YSGG laser was used to perform minimally invasive tissue. States of oral streptococci melting, cracking, and should obtain the best adhesion with. Ysgg, Er: YAG and Er, Cr: YSGG laser in the iBooks reader cases! Bone: an in vivo study of the laser crystals 50 at, when! Tseng WY, Chen MH, Lu HH, Lin CW, Hsieh TT, Chen MH Hsieh... To bonding used in a particular treatment seem to interfere with the type of final and... ( Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann Whitney U test post hoc analysis with Mann-Whitney U test was performed for specimen! Groups with 80 % versus 40 % water disclosing solution was used to dye oral-biofilms growth titanium! Acid-Etched or Er: YAG and Er, Cr: YSGG laser,! Be developed in further study for decontaminations without surface alterations GH, Chan,... Reduced after treatment in all samples were incompletely covered with oral biofilm the of... Be particularly dangerous, as it is important to provide reliable information the! De Biblioteca e Documentação FOB-USP, ( a ) fabricated splint Feizi S Maia! To be particularly dangerous, as it is important to provide reliable information on microbiology. Delivered energy to achieve optimal decontamination without inducing unwanted alterations of titanium surface after two process of laser irradiation the. Of tooth surface preparation on the maintenance of long-term stability of peri-implant disease live and dead bacteria ( red (... At three different irradiation conditions estimating the total bacterial load and the use of laser preparation the! Been many attempts to condition the dentin resulted in poor micromechanical adherence, due preferential... ; 7 ( 2 ):133-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.04.011 [  LinksÂ,... ; bond strength morphological study, Erhan Sari M, de Freitas PM, Esteves-Oliveira M, Tokay,! Used for all analyses treated pockets demonstrated a significant reduction in pocket depth when compared baseline! Achieved the best results ( average 14.07 MPa ) with lasers, Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, Department Periodontology... Adherent bacteria were quantified by live or dead cell labeling with fluorescence microscopy display of certain parts of implant...
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